When your kidneys fail, it means they have stopped working well enough for you to survive without dialysis or a kidney transplant. In most cases, kidney failure is caused by other health problems that have done permanent damage harm to your kidneys little by little, over time.
When your kidneys are damaged, they may not work as well as they should. If the damage to your kidneys continues to get worse and your kidneys are less and less able to do their job, you have chronic kidney disease. Kidney failure is the last most severe stage of chronic kidney disease.
This is why kidney failure is also called end-stage renal disease, or ESRD for short. Diabetes is the most common cause of ESRD. High blood pressure is the second most common cause of ESRD. Other problems that can cause kidney failure include:. Sometimes the kidneys can stop working very suddenly within two days. This type of kidney failure is called acute kidney injury or acute renal failure. Common causes of acute renal failure include:.
This type of kidney failure is not always permanent. Your kidneys may go back to normal or almost normal with treatment and if you do not have other serious health problems. Having one of the health problems that can lead to kidney failure does not mean that you will definitely have kidney failure. Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your doctor to control these health problems can help your kidneys work for as long as possible. If your kidneys stop working suddenly acute kidney failure , you may notice one or more of the following symptoms:.
In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Elsevier; Accessed July 16, Goldman L, et al. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. American Kidney Fund. Accessed May 15, The Merck Manual Professional Edition. Negi S, et al. Acute kidney injury: Epidemiology, outcomes, complications, and therapeutic strategies. Seminars in Dialysis. Kidney-friendly diet for CKD. Palevsky PM, et al. News from Mayo Clinic Common dialysis treatment for patients with acute kidney injury can lead to poor outcomes Oct.
Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease. High blood pressure also known as hypertension is another common cause of kidney disease and other complications such as heart attacks and strokes. High blood pressure occurs when the force of blood against your artery walls increases.
When high blood pressure is controlled, the risk of complications such as chronic kidney disease is decreased. Glomerulonephritis is a disease that causes inflammation of the kidney's tiny filtering units called the glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis may happen suddenly, for example, after a strep throat, and the individual may get well again.
However, the disease may develop slowly over several years and it may cause progressive loss of kidney function. Polycystic kidney disease is the most common inherited kidney disease. It is characterized by the formation of kidney cysts that enlarge over time and may cause serious kidney damage and even kidney failure. Other inherited diseases that affect the kidneys include Alport's Syndrome,primary hyperoxaluria and cystinuria. Kidney stones are very common, and when they pass, they may cause severe pain in your back and side.
There are many possible causes of kidney stones, including an inherited disorder that causes too much calcium to be absorbed from foods and urinary tract infections or obstructions. Sometimes, medications and diet can help to prevent recurrent stone formation.
In cases where stones are too large to pass, treatments may be done to remove the stones or break them down into small pieces that can pass out of the body. These infections most often affect the bladder, but they sometimes spread to the kidneys, and they may cause fever and pain in your back.
Congenital diseases may also affect the kidneys. These usually involve some problem that occurs in the urinary tract when a baby is developing in its mother's womb. One of the most common occurs when a valve-like mechanism between the bladder and ureter urine tube fails to work properly and allows urine to back up reflux to the kidneys, causing infections and possible kidney damage. Drugs and toxins can also cause kidney problems.
Using large numbers of over-the-counter pain relievers for a long time may be harmful to the kidneys. Certain other medications, toxins, pesticides and "street" drugs such as heroin and crack can also cause kidney damage. Early detection and treatment of chronic kidney disease are the keys to keeping kidney disease from progressing to kidney failure. Some simple tests can be done to detect early kidney disease.
They are:. It is especially important that people who have an increased risk for chronic kidney disease have these tests. You may have an increased risk for kidney disease if you:. If you are in one of these groups or think you may have an increased risk for kidney disease, ask your doctor about getting tested.
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