She ruled for twenty years. Hatshepsut was pharaoh during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Instead, she was regent on behalf of her stepson born to a secondary wife , Thutmose III, who was a young child at the time. After less than seven years, however, Hatshepsut took the unprecedented step of assuming the title and full powers of a pharaoh herself, becoming co-ruler of Egypt with Thutmose III.
She claimed to be the child of Amun and transformed herself into a king by wearing the symbols of kingship. Evidence of her remarkable reign c. The widowed queen of the pharaoh Thutmose II, she had, according to custom, been made regent after his death in c.
But so much of what was written about Hatshepsut, I think, had to do with who the archaeologists were Hatshepsut was born at the dawn of a glorious age of Egyptian imperial power and prosperity, rightly called the New Kingdom. Her father, King Thutmose I, was a charismatic leader of legendary military exploits. Hatshepsut, scholars surmise, may have come into the world about the time of his coronation, c.
Hatshepsut seems to have idolized her father she would eventually have him reburied in the tomb she was having built for herself and would claim that soon after her birth he had named her successor to his throne, an act that scholars feel would have been highly unlikely.
There had been only two—possibly three—female pharaohs in the previous 1, years, and each had ascended to the throne only when there was no suitable male successor available.
Cleopatra would rule some 14 centuries later. Thus the son of a secondary wife, Mutnofret, was crowned Thutmose II. Historians have generally described Thutmose II as frail and ineffectual—just the sort of person a supposedly shrewish Hatshepsut could push around. Public monuments, however, depict a dutiful Hatshepsut standing appropriately behind her husband.
But while she bore her husband a daughter, Neferure her only known child , Hatshepsut failed in the more important duty of producing a son. So when Thutmose II died young c.
Monuments of the time show Thutmose III—still a child, but portrayed in the conventional manner as an adult king—performing his pharaonic duties, while Hatshepsut, dressed as queen, stands demurely off to one side.
By the seventh year of her regency, however and it may have been much earlier , the formerly slim, graceful queen appears as a full-blown, flail-and-crook-wielding king, with the broad, bare chest of a man and the pharaonic false beard.
But why? You were a god. In addition, Hatshepsut appears to have taken care to cultivate loyalty and obedience among officials. In Egypt proper, she launched a number of building projects. When archaeologists excavated the temple in the 19th century, Shaw notes, they found shrines dedicated to Hathor and Anubis.
Punt is believed to lie in northeastern Africa, somewhere in the area of Eritrea, Ethiopia and southern Sudan. An ancient record of the voyage indicates that it was wildly successful. After listing more goods, the record concludes that no Egyptian ruler had ever been so successful in Punt.
Thutmose III, who was technically co-ruler with Hatshepsut, succeeded the female pharaoh after her death. Although Hatshepsut was given a burial in the Valley of the Kings, her memory was not honored. She argues that this may have been an attempt by Thutmose III to gain credit for some of the successes Hatshepsut experienced during her rule. He would then become Egypt's greatest pharaoh.
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